Date: 06,04,2023
Author: Aosion
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This paper mainly discusses and provides solutions to the problem of bird damage on power transmission and transformation lines in power systems.
Birds are friends of human beings. While human beings love birds, they are also troubled by birds. In recent years, changes in the ecological environment have changed birds' living conditions. In some areas, birds have built their nests on the towers of the transmission lines of the power system. However, due to the expansion and increase of bird activities and the scale of the power grid, the power transmission lines have been damaged by birds. The occurrence of flashover trips is on the rise year by year, and birds are more and more harmful to the operation of the power grid. In particular, trips caused by bird damage accidents on ultra-high voltage long-distance large-capacity transmission lines seriously affect the safe operation of the power grid. For example, the blackout accidents in the United States and Canada in 2004 were caused by tripping caused by guano flashover of high-voltage transmission lines, which caused system shock and disconnection. Another example is Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, which belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunlight, and moderate rainfall, which is easy for birds to reproduce and attracts passing migratory birds to stay. In 2003 alone, Xuzhou Power Grid had two 110kV line trips, four 220kV line trips, and one 35KV main transformer accident due to guano. Statistics in recent years show that line faults caused by bird activities are second only to lightning damage and external force damage, and have already occupied the third place in the total number of line faults. Power transmission and transformation line accidents caused by birds inhabiting power poles and towers have brought huge economic losses to the country and the people, and at the same time seriously affected the normal production and living order. The power system attaches great importance to the protection of birds on the line year by year. improve.
Bird damage accidents in the power system seriously affect the safe operation of the power grid and the normal operation of high-voltage overhead transmission lines, which are directly related to the safety and reliability of the power grid and the economic benefits of power companies. The faults of power transmission lines caused by birds are mostly as follows:
1) Nesting of birds: Birds tend to build nests on the top of power transmission poles. High winds, causing damp tree branches or metal wires blown down by high winds to contact wires and cause a short to ground.
2) Bird feces: The feces of birds on the insulator strings are a kind of conductive mixture. The thin feces above the insulator strings slide directly along the surface of the porcelain skirt. When the thin feces short-circuit more than 4 insulator strings, it will cause One-way grounding accident. The electric film formed by fecal pollution attached to the insulator strings will also cause pollution flashover accidents when the air humidity is too high and in rainy and snowy weather.
3) The nesting materials lifted by the bird's beak cover fly across the air or between the wires, which may cause grounding and phase-to-phase short circuits.
4) Birds taking off in a queue cause a short circuit to the cross arm or phase.
Because birds have different life rules and habits in different regions and at different times, and the existing electric bird repelling equipment has a single performance, the traditional bird repelling equipment is not very targeted in dealing with bird accidents, and the bird repelling effect is not ideal.
From the writing instruments used by humans in the early days to the convenient aircrafts now, they are all created and completed on the basis of long-term observation and hard work on the characteristics of birds. But birds also bring many harms while making contributions to us humans. In recent years, due to the destruction of the natural environment, there has been a shortage of tall trees, so that birds cannot find the corresponding environment to build their nests. Bird accident. Aiming at the problem of bird damage on power transmission and transformation lines, domestic and foreign power companies have also adopted a series of roughly the same preventive measures, which will be discussed in detail in the following subsections. Since domestic and foreign power systems have adopted similar bird-repelling means, their bird-repelling effects are roughly the same. The following is a brief introduction to the current situation of bird repelling in China.
At present, all there are various drawbacks in existing various bird-repelling measures, make the bird-repelling effect not obvious enough. For example, although the anti-bird thorn can achieve a protective effect to a certain extent, due to its limited protection distance, and the anti-bird thorn cannot be too large, it will be inconvenient for line maintenance operations if it is too large; although the anti-bird roller can achieve a protective effect in a short period of time , but over time, it will rust if it is corroded by rainwater, etc., and it will become a habitat for birds, thus losing its anti-bird effect. Same other existing bird repelling equipment also has problems like this. The renewal and adoption of various existing bird-proof measures will be effective in a short period of time, but under the cruel natural conditions, all creatures are fighting for survival, and birds are no exception. Under the action of the survival of the fittest, it constantly adapts. After a certain period of adaptation, the anti-bird measures will no longer work. Therefore, in order to do a better job of preventing birds, this time a new type of bird repellent for power systems is designed. It can use sound and light to achieve the effect of driving birds according to needs, avoiding the adaptability of birds to sound.
At present, most bird prevention measures in the world are mainly aimed at the main cause of line tripping, and prevent bird droppings from flashover by means of repelling, frightening and blocking. Mainly take measures such as expelling and frightening birds, so as not to allow birds to stay on the pole tower (at least not to allow birds to stay above the lower part of the insulator J).
Common line bird repellent measures include:
1) Install anti-bird thorns. Anti-bird thorns are generally fixed at one end of multi-strand steel strands (fixed in a special base), and the other end is spread out, cut into 80"-"100cm lengths, forming a mushroom shape (or welding with cold-drawn steel wire) and "spruce tree "shape.
2) Use large-diameter insulator sheds. On the porcelain (glass) insulator, replace the first piece or the next few pieces with large-diameter insulators or install large-diameter insulators on the top of the composite insulator. At present, there are large-diameter silicone umbrella skirts (with a diameter of 400--600mm), and large-diameter fiberglass umbrella skirts (with a diameter of 700mm).
3) Install anti-bird cover, anti-bird baffle, anti-bird net and other means. For example, paint red paint on the top of the tower, hang small red flags, install wind chimes, bird scare signs, spray anti-bird magnetic paint, install baffles and nets on the iron tower cross arms, etc.
4) Install a sheath on the composite insulator of the power failure line or shorten the power failure time as much as possible to prevent birds from pecking the composite insulator.
At present, various power systems in China mainly adopt measures such as installing bird thorns, windmills, and horror eyes for scaring birds on the line towers, hanging small red flags, and enlarging insulator umbrella skirts. The frightening effect takes a long time, and the birds are not afraid after they have adapted to these environments, so these anti-bird measures are not effective. The main problems are: there is a dead angle for preventing bird damage, and due to the structure of the iron tower in the single circuit of the line, the windmill cannot be installed in place, it is easy to age, the natural damage is serious, the life is short, and it cannot play a role in windless weather; the characteristics of different regions are also different, such as China In the prefecture-level city of Ningxia, the wind is too strong, and the blades of ordinary windmills will soon break down. Birds mainly use straw to build their nests. The straw is too long, and grass often wraps around windmills, making them useless. All there are certain drawbacks in the above-mentioned various anti-bird measures, thereby can not reach long-term effective bird-repelling effect. More because of the reasons of natural conditions in various places, the life-span of existing anti-bird equipment is greatly shortened. In today's era of high-tech development, the power system also urgently needs a new type of bird repelling equipment to make up for the shortcomings of the above measures, so as to achieve long-term and effective bird repelling.
The previous anti-bird measures will receive good results in the initial stage of use, achieving effective bird prevention. Over time, because the birds have adapted to the implementation environment, the bird repelling effect gradually declines so that it finally becomes a decoration. This not only caused a lot of waste of financial, material and human resources, but more importantly, the safety of power grid operation was greatly threatened. How to effectively prevent birds from nesting on transmission line towers has become the focus and difficulty of domestic and foreign research. At present, only by focusing on some physiological and ecological characteristics of birds and adopting relevant advanced technologies can better and more effective bird repelling be realized on transmission lines and the goal of preventing bird damage can be achieved.
The solar ultrasonic bird repellent has a continuous repelling effect and can be used for a long time. The bird repellent proposed in this article is different from general bird-proof thorns and other bird-proof equipment. It is mainly aimed at repelling birds, mainly ultrasonic repelling birds, and combined with light, color and other bird-repelling measures for comprehensive treatment. Rather than simply preventing birds from landing on the tower. In order to effectively achieve the effect of bird repelling for a long time, the design of the bird repellent is not just a simple ultrasonic device, but can prevent birds from nesting and landing on the tower. Provide the best cost-effective intelligent electric bird repellent for power transmission lines, which will effectively improve the safety of the line and reduce tripping accidents caused by bird damage
Not only on power line systems, birds have had a serious impact. In our private garden, it is also harassed by birds nesting, bird droppings, etc., and the family house also receives problems of bird noise pollution and stealing crops. You can also protect your family home from birds with an ultrasonic repellent.
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